Biologia Molecolare Del Gene Zanichelli Pdf

a group of 77 patients with stage iib prostate cancer underwent radical prostatectomy. the patients were randomized in two groups: group i received adjuvant radiotherapy and group ii received radiotherapy and the intraprostatic injection of a herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase (hsv-tk) gene. the results show that in the group treated with gene therapy the metastases were significantly less likely to progress (p

the cell is a fascinating system in which many different molecular processes take place. in recent years, researchers have been able to gain a greater understanding of the molecular mechanisms behind life, thanks to the development of many techniques, such as genetics, molecular biology and biochemistry. in the field of molecular biology, dna has emerged as the most important molecule, not only as the genetic information carrier, but also for its extensive use in molecular and medical research.

biologists aim to understand how genetic information is processed and stored in an organism’s cells. most biological molecules can be classified into two major groups, macromolecules (proteins, nucleic acids, lipids, carbohydrates, and nucleic acids) and biological molecules (such as hormones, and secondary metabolites). in addition to the macromolecules, bacteria are considered as another class of living organisms because they can also synthesize proteins.

the word gene means “a unit of heredity”. the genetic code is a set of rules that each organism uses to translate the information of the genetic code into the information that is expressed as proteins. this information is stored in dna and used to make proteins. the genetic code specifies the translation of genetic information. genetic code can be summarized as follows: it contains four basic nucleic acids, all of which have a similar structure and codons, which are triplets of nucleic acids. the genetic code is conserved throughout evolution. it is also a property of all organisms. for example, the genetic code of humans is very similar to that of fruit flies and bacteria. the genetic code is used to specify the transfer of genetic information from one generation to the next. in addition to the nucleic acids, the genetic code contains many other molecules, such as ribosomes and trna’s.

i.e., the number of replications of an allele to generate a new phenotype. the structure and function of a gene for a particular phenotype are determined by the nature and distribution of alleles at the locus of the gene. the number of repeats (alleles) that are present in a given locus is called the number of alleles at that locus. a characteristic of a locus is the number of alleles that are present. abstract the objective of this paper is to describe the coordination of information between the single nucleotide polymorphisms (snps) of the human leukocyte antigen (hla) genes and the one of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (tnf-alpha) and to determine its effect on the predisposition of the individual to develop a specific immune response. the first clinical trials of autologous hsv-tk gene therapy were performed in recurrent respiratory papillomatosis (rrp). first case of unilateral treatment by means of autologous gene therapy was a 35-year-old man who was diagnosed with rrp and who had undergone multiple treatments, including laser vaporization and surgical excision. after application of the recombinant hsv-tk gene, the patient had a single recurrence of the disease. this patient had no evidence of treatment-related toxicity or oncogenesis. the patient developed a diffuse rash, but was treated successfully with topical steroids. five years after treatment, he continues to have no signs of disease activity. the first case of bilateral treatment by means of autologous hsv-tk gene therapy was a 24-year-old man who had been diagnosed with rrp and who had undergone surgery and laser vaporization. after the injection of the hsv-tk gene, he had a single recurrence of the disease and had no evidence of treatment-related toxicity or oncogenesis. the patient developed a diffuse rash, but was treated successfully with topical steroids. 5ec8ef588b

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